Европейский Союз намерен запретить использование искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), представляющего «неприемлемый риск» или вред для людей и общества. Это часть новой регуляции, введенной в ответ на быстрое развитие технологий ИИ, в частности, Закон ЕС об искусственном интеллекте, который вступил в силу в августе 2023 года и предусматривает первые сроки соответствия уже в феврале 2024 года.
Согласно новому законодательству, ИИ будет классифицироваться по четырем уровням риска. К системам с высоким риском отнесены технологии, которые могут представлять угрозу для здоровья или безопасности, такие как системы ИИ для медицинских рекомендаций или предупреждения преступлений. В свою очередь применение ИИ, включающее социальное оценивание, манипуляцию людьми или использование биометрии без их согласия, будет запрещено полностью.
Компании, нарушающие эти нормы, могут быть оштрафованы на суммы до 35 миллионов евро или 7% годового дохода. По словам юристов, хотя эти штрафы еще не вступили в силу, окончательные сроки выполнения нормативов появятся до августа 2024 года.
Исключения могут касаться случаев использования ИИ правоохранительными органами или медицинских целей, где существует обоснованная необходимость для применения таких технологий. Однако законодатели отмечают, что даже в таких случаях необходимо получать специальное разрешение, а применение этих систем не должно нарушать права человека.
Эти шаги являются частью более широких усилий ЕС по контролю за развитием ИИ, чтобы предотвратить использование технологий, которые могут нарушить основные права граждан или нанести серьезный ущерб обществу.
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